Calvin Geneva and His Influence on European Reformation Essay

Calvin Geneva and His Influence on European Reformation - Essay Example According to George (pp. 23-25) in 1536, Calvin went to Geneva, where he was a reform led by Guillaume Farel well under way. In the light of the opinion of Cottret (pp. 78-81) Calvin was persuaded to stay in Geneva and helped manage the second major wave of Protestantism. In their ordinances of 1541, he gave a new organization to pastors, doctors, the elderly, and those who were deacons of the church. Its institutes of the Christian religion (1536) had great influence in France, Scotland (where John Knox led the reform of Calvinist), and among the Puritans in England. Geneva became the center of a large company that reached missionary in France, where the Huguenots became so influential that a synod met in Paris in 1559 for ordering a church at the national level of about 2,000 congregations reformed. As a result of the French wars of religion, the party of Huguenot was controlled and kept the French monarchy Catholic kingdom (Hpfl, pp. 90-98). It could be claimed that Calvin has exerted an enormous influence in the realms of economics and politics through his famous teaching on "predestination" (Kingdon, pp. 231-233) which he developed from the New Testament letters of Paul and writings of Augustine. This doctrine mentions that God has the complete right to choose whom he will for salvation, which, while ruling out human endeavor or goodness as a factor in the equation, can lead - as Max Weber notably argued - to concerned individuals seeking from God signs of their having been selected (McGrath, pp. 78-84). These most clearly take the form of economic success, rewards for tough graft and sound investment, and although Calvin himself aimed to be wary of commercial activity, placing in high regard the life of poverty, the great economic revolution of much of Europe and the United States in subsequent centuries was led by people claiming allegiance to his ideas. Prestwich (pp. 78-79) Calvin saw the world, including the realm of history, as "the theater of God's glory," and he urged Christian scholars to peruse the past in order to discover patterns of divine providence and spiritual blessing. Calvin advocated a kind of historical scholarship that was both critical and providentialist (Prestwich, pp. 78-79), one in which the line between sacred and secular history was intentionally blurred. He wrote: "It is not enough to have our eyes open and to note well and mark what God does during our lives, but we must profit from ancient histories. In fact, this is why our Lord has wanted us to have some notable judgments left in writing, so that the memory of them would remain forever. And we should not only profit from what is contained in Holy Scripture, but when we hear what is spoken by the histories written by the pagans, we should also have the prudence to apply to ourselves what God has done" (Badertscher, pp. 67-71). It appears that Calvin's reforming project in Geneva coincided almost exactly with the Council of Trent and reassertion of Catholicism after the blow dealt it by the popularity of Luther's ideas. Philosophy of religion the theological teaching and political views developed by the French theologian and church

Python Programming Language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Python Programming Language - Essay Example In addition, python language integrates amazing control with extremely clear and simple language syntax or python programming rules. Moreover, it offers user interfaces to a lot of system calls, built-in libraries, and to a variety of window systems. Thus, we can say that the python language has the power to be integrated within C++ or C capabilities. On the other hand, it can also work as an extendable language for programs that require a programmable user working interface. In short, python is a high level programming language which offers a great deal of portability facility because it executes on a lot of UNIX platforms, Personal Computers under MS-DOS, Macintosh system, and Windows based systems like Windows NT and OS/2 platform (Python Software Foundation, 2011; Snyder, 2007; Cai, Langtangen, & Moe, 2005). This report presents a detailed overview of python programming language. ... Additionally, it can be utilized for the development of various types of application programs and software. The basic design principle of the python language highlights the programmer efficiency and program code interpretation. Python was at first developed by Guido van Rossum. The development of python was encouraged by Haskell, ABC, LIST programming, Java, Perl and Icon programming languages used for various purposes. Python programming language is a high level, extensive, construed and multi-platform programming language. In addition, python programming language is a smallest programming language. However, the most attractive characteristic of python programming language is that it does not make use of any sort of brackets or semicolons in source code. In its place, python utilizes indentation technique (Bodnar, 2010; Hightower, 2001). Moreover, python programming language comes in two versions. In this scenario, these versions of python programming language are 3.x and 2.x. The P ython 3.x has cracked backward compatibility issues with earlier editions of python language. It was made to rectify a number of design defects of the language as well as enable enhanced capability of the language (Bodnar, 2010; Hightower, 2001). History of Python Python programming language was initially developed by Guido von Rossum during 1990s. This name of language was established due to Brit-com Monty Python's Flying Circus. This programming language has since been updated and improved by a large number of members or helpers as well as can be downloaded without paying any cost from the Python Software Foundation. Additionally, the latest edition of Python, 2.5, was brought to public in 2006. Python programming language is currently established in a lot of